![]() Building codes allow reductions in live loads based on duration of load. Span tables for engineered wood are used in a very similar way as those for sawn lumber. And at times, they make or break a design. All of these high-performance products are cost effective in some applications. An LVL product that has an Fb of 3100 will carry more load than and LVL product with an Fb of 2400. No matter what product you specify, structural performance is controlled by strength (Fb) and Stiffness (E). Engineered wood is consistent from one piece to the next because each piece is made more-or-less the same. Strength-reducing characteristics like knots, grade and slope of grain are controlled during manufacturing process so that the end product represents a more efficient use of the wood fiber. The claims are basically true, but you do pay for the improved performance. Fv does not change when you double the thickness.Įngineered Wood manufacturers are quick to point out that their products provide superior strength and stiffness. Make sure the shear value (Fv) for the species and grade you use exceeds the Fv listed in the span table. If you size a roof beam like a structural ridge that has a L/240 limitation, you would multiply the minimum E-value by 0.666 (785,000 x 0.666 = 522,810 in this case). The table lists spans with a deflection limit of L/360, normal for floor loads. ![]() The required E-value does not change when you double the 2×6 because as you double the allowable load, you are doubling the thickness of the beam. Therefore, a double 2×6 carries 2 x 347 = 694 pounds per lineal foot. Note: a single 2×6 will support 347 pounds per lineal foot of beam. (in AF&PA Design Values for Joists and Rafters #2 hem-fir = Fb psi & E psi- so use span table column Fb 1100)Ĭhoose the row for the size of lumber used in the double header: use 2×6 in this example. Select the Fb column of the lumber you intend to use Pick the span you want (pick 4’0″ for example) Just do the following:ĭetermine the total load per foot of beam But you can trick WSDD tables into giving you values for double or triple 2-by beams with other deflection limits. The WSDD tables only list values for solid wood beams at deflection limits of L/360. The WSDD is an extremely useful book (WSDD costs $20. ![]() American Forest & Paper Association’s Wood Structural Design Data, provides span recommendations for solid-sawn wood beams up to 32 feet, but the table runs a hefty 140 pages. And even though span tables provide limited data, they are very long. Most beam tables only list values for whole-foot spans like 11’0″, 12’0″, etc. You merely look for the distance you need to span match the load per foot of beam to the appropriate Fb(strength) and E(stiffness) values listed and bang: you have a winner! Span tables are easy to use, but they have limitations. Sawn-Lumber span tables are convenient tools. ![]() Technical experts have computed many combinations of these variables and present a variety of solutions in the form of span tables. You can do these calculations yourself or you can use span tables. Formulas that determine the allowable span and size of a beam rely on a host of variables like species, grade, size, deflection limit and type of load. Structural ability of sawn- and engineered-wood beams are predicted through mathematical calculation. No matter what material we specify, beams must provide adequate strength, stiffness, and shear resistance. We will compare the performance and cost of sawn-lumber, LVL, Timberstrand, Parallam and Anthony Power Beam in several different applications. We know how to measure the forces acting on a beam, now we’ll use this information to choose the appropriate structural material to resist the loads. In Part 1, “ Calculating Loads On Headers and Beams“, we learned how to trace load paths and translate roof, wall and floor loads into pounds per lineal foot of supporting beam. Once the loads acting on structural beams are calculated, the next step is to size and select the appropriate beam. Some information contained in it may be outdated. Please note: This older article by our former faculty member remains available on our site for archival purposes.
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Annotations are not just for reading class, so find an excerpt, a poem, a story, or an article that goes along with the topic being taught in science class and let the students get to work. Focus on the 'ABCs' of writing: accuracy, brevity, and clarity. The video describes the five key elements: -purpose,-methods, -results, -implications,-additional materials. Wondering how how to create a well-written abstract. MLA states that annotations usually aim to be concise and thus are only one paragraph long. ABSTRACTS, or summaries of the research, to help searchers quickly decide if an article will be useful. Kenny presents a broad history of Western philosophy from the ancient Greeks to the present day.Īlways use full sentences if your instructor requires you to do so, though.Broad history of Western philosophy from the ancient Greeks to the present day.It’s also fine to use full sentences instead, if you prefer. 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The source information is presented and formatted in the same way as in a normal Works Cited entry: Sources are usually organized alphabetically, like in a normal Works Cited list, but can instead be organized chronologically or by subject depending on the purpose of the assignment. The list should be titled either “Annotated Bibliography” or “Annotated List of Works Cited.” You may be told which title to use “bibliography” is normally used for a list that also includes sources you didn’t cite in your paper or that isn’t connected to a paper at all. Frequently asked questions about annotated bibliographies.MLA format for annotated bibliographies. ![]() The first calibration page has a section marked "Throttle". Could you perhaps just tell me with which "2 steps" I can do that.įSUIPC options are found in the Add-Ons menu (in the menu bar at the top of the screen during flight - press ALT if it isn't visible), and the calibration tab is actually called "Joystick Calibration" so it should really not be difficult to find - surely not very mysterious? Interpolate("/controls/gear/brake-right", 0, 0.Hmm, tried it out but did not manage to find the correct tabs and "knobs" to calibrate this. Interpolate("/controls/gear/brake-left", 0, 0.075) Setprop("/controls/gear/brake-right", 1) Interpolate("/controls/gear/brake-right", 1, 0.075) Interpolate("/controls/gear/brake-left", 1, 0.075) Mod 1 = SE, Mod 2 = ST, Mod 3 = SE+ST together ![]() Setprop("/sim/current-view/pitch-offset-deg", 12.5) īutton 1 (trigger): Brakes + reset to pilot view - Parking Brakes - Speed brake - Thrust reverser NOTE: Use SE, ST, and SE+ST buttons together as modifiers to get button and hat effects listed. Setprop("/sim/current-view/pitch-offset-deg", 25) Setprop("/sim/current-view/pitch-offset-deg", 5) Setprop("/sim/current-view/pitch-offset-deg", -12.5) Setprop("/sim/current-view/pitch-offset-deg", -80) Setprop("/sim/current-view/pitch-offset-deg", -25) Hat Switch: View Elevation (use mod buttons for different effects) Setprop("/sim/current-view/heading-offset-deg", -135) Setprop("/sim/current-view/heading-offset-deg", -90) Setprop("/sim/current-view/heading-offset-deg", -60) Setprop("/sim/current-view/heading-offset-deg", -25) Setprop("/sim/current-view/heading-offset-deg", 90) Setprop("/sim/current-view/heading-offset-deg", 60) Setprop("/sim/current-view/heading-offset-deg", 25) V = getprop("/sim/current-view/view-number") Mod2 = getprop("/input/joysticks/js/t-flight-hotas-x-modifier2") Mod1 = getprop("/input/joysticks/js/t-flight-hotas-x-modifier1") Hat Switch: View Direction (use mod buttons for different effects) It's not very extensively tested but might give someone a leg up who is trying to get a Hotas X going with Flightgear. It has a lot of little tricks that help with that particular airplane (like you need to "duck your head" a bit to see out the windows-you can do that with a twist of the joystick here viewing left or left-up with the hat switch gives you the exact view you need to spot the runway coming around the final turn when flying the pattern when you adjust elevator, rudder, & aileron trim a little dialogue pops up to give you feedback (otherwise there is no visual or other feedback for trim, except for elevator trim in the 2D panel, and without feedback it's hard to figure out how to make the trim work) hat switch down shows you the entire instrument panel you can set the heading bug & NAV bugs without muddling around with the mouse etc etc etc.) Also I have external pedals and so use the joystick twist and throttle rocker axis for other functions (they work very well to control different view controls). I've only tested this on Windows XP and only on the Cessna 172P. I put together the following config file for the Hotas X, using some of the existing joystick config files and a lot of ideas from various threads on this forum. It seems to work pretty well, especially considering its very reasonable price. I got a new Thrustmaster T.Flight Hotas X joystick & throttle combo today. ![]() Ogre name generator – a tool offering unlimited ogre names.This guide offers lots of useful suggestions. Demon name generator – it’s hard to come up with something that’s the opposite of the real names we know.This gnome name generator tool may come in handy if you have any particularly small characters.They’re tricky to come up with names for though, so why not check out this angel name generator here. Many fantasy stories also feature angelic characters.And here’s a detailed guide on orcish folk, complete with a fantasy orc name generator.Here’s a guide with lots of cool human fantasy names.Check out this guide on the family names of the United Kingdom by the University of the West of England, Bristol.Īn in-depth academic guide on the history of names from the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy.Use The Free Fantasy Name Generator More On Fantasy Names And Generatorsīelow you can find lots more of my fantasy name generators plus some useful guides on names by leading academic institutions: They apply to everything from human names to those for orcs and demons and even dragon names. Inspiration also comes from real names, with simple yet effective twists. If your reader can’t work out a character’s name, we’ve got a problem. These principles are centered around clarity. I’ve used other name generator tools in the past and some of the suggestions they’ve given me have been downright bizarre.Īs a fantasy writer with a good track record of creating characters readers love, as well as fantasy worlds that readers love to explore, I know and follow some guiding principles when it comes to creating names for fantasy cities, towns, and other places, as well as names for humans, elves and other races. The main reason why I think this fantasy names creator will help you is that it doesn’t suggest names that will frustrate your readers. Just look at David Gemmell’s Druss The Legend. Having the right name can play a big part in characterization, especially if you look to add titles or fantasy last names into the mix. ![]() This fantasy name generator is designed to help people who are struggling to create their own names for their fantasy characters. ![]() How Can A Fantasy Name Generator Help Me? The examples we do see illustrate how powerful they can be when used in the right way. Surnames are underused in the fantasy genre. This tool also serves as a fantasy last name generator. You can even use this fantasy race names generator to help you come up with your own unique and original fantasy races, different from elves, orcs, dragons and dwarves. A tool like this can give you truly unique fantasy names. It’s also useful for naming characters from any role-playing games you enjoy, from Dungeons and Dragons to The Elder Scrolls. Break it up, take the bits you like, and combine it with your favourite parts of other names. Tip – You don’t have to simply accept a name the generator gives you. Click a button and it simply provides you with a list of 10 random names that you could use for your protagonists, antagonists or secondary characters. So to save the pain and strife of creating names, we can use a fantasy name generator. Sometimes you think you’ve found the perfect one, only to Google it and learn that it’s been used a dozen times before or it means something you could never have guessed-it’s happened to me more than a few times. Some writers can spend hours trying to think of suitable or acceptable fantasy names. Rand al’Thor from The Wheel Of Time series is one example. To do this we may add a random apostrophe in there. Sometimes we wonder whether we have to make the name sound or appear unusual. What Is A Fantasy Name Generator?Ĭoming up with names for fantasy characters can be harder than you think. I’ve also included links to more of my fantasy name generators, which you can find at the end. You can also use it for characters in science fiction stories.īelow, you can find more information on the tool, its functions, and names in the fantasy genre. It’s also useful for coming up with fantasy names for female and male characters, villain names, and last names, which can be tricky in the fantasy genre. Sometimes you may need to press ‘generate’ more than once. To use the tool, simply select your desired race from the drop-down menu, select male or female and press the ‘generate’ button. ![]() We can understand your never-ending struggle to get the likes you dreamt of! You are never away to turn viral, and the thought of getting Instagram free likes is still the main question surrounding you. When we at FBPostLikes are saying free Instagram likes, we are not just passing a statement. Scroll and scroll to remain in awe- stuck every time. People are now trying their luck with everything they know on Instagram. You would have done the same someday, I am sure! It was a sensation, and people frequently looked forward to get answers to questions like how to get free likes on Instagram! Don't scratch your head. 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Once you delete a file, it is deleted forever, we do not archive your data.We enforce a strict access policy and employees or external collaboratorsĪll data uploaded for conversion is automatically deleted forever HTTPS is enforced for all communications with our server.We follow widely accepted industry standard practices when it comes to security: We understand that some data uploaded might be sensitive, so we ensure that your data is only kept when needed. We pride ourselves in building software that's easy to use, but security is also our top priority. If no character encoding is specified we will automatically try to guess it, so you don't have to worry about it if you're unsure. The value separator is the character used to separate each value inside a row.įor CSV files, as the name implies it is usually a comma, but it can be different depending on the software used to generate the CSV file, we support the following separators:ĭepending on what software you used to generate the CSV file, it might have a different character encoding ![]() Konbert will automatically detect this and parse the rows correctly. ![]() This is usually a new line character (LF), or a carriage return plus a new line character (CRLF). The row delimiter is the character used to separate each row in the CSV data. ![]() CSVs are widely used to import and export data for all kinds of services for it's simplicity and ease of parsing. CSV stands for Comma Separated Values and is a plain-text file format that stores tabular data. In this way, hydrogen is considered relatively more reactive in some conditions and somewhat less in others. In this way, iron comes on a rather middle area on the reactivity series.Īlthough hydrogen has a single electron in its valence shell, it readily loses its electron during a chemical reaction with other substances. Whereas in general, iron is relatively less reactive in comparison to sodium and potassium. For instance, when iron reacts with acids. In some situations, iron is highly reactive. Iron is considered an ordinarily reactive metal. This reactivity level of zinc makes it a part of the top one on the reactivity series. This makes zinc relatively more reactive than other metals such as copper and hydrogen, which lose their electron quite slowly than zinc. The valence shell of zinc contains two electrons and zinc readily gives up those electrons during a chemical reaction with other substances. Magnesium readily losses its outer shell electrons when it reacts with other substances this is why magnesium is considered a highly reactive metal and comes on the top of the reactivity series. This happens because of the loss of electrons during the chemical reactions, placing calcium on top of the reactivity series. It immediately forms a greyish layer of nitrate and oxide. When exposed to air, calcium tends to be very reactive. In its isolated form, Calcium is considered one of the most reactive metals. Sodium loses its outer shell electron very readily. Sodium is a highly reactive metal which is why it is not easily found in its pure form. Sodium ranks after potassium on the reactivity series list. This high reactivity level of Potassium makes it stand on top of the reactivity series. Instead, other substances containing potassium can be found. This is why pure potassium is rather difficult to find. Potassium reacts quite violently when exposed to other substances, including water or oxygen. Potassium is considered a highly reactive metal. Let’s see how different metals are more reactive than others which determines their placement on the reactivity series. So, metals that have high atomic numbers will be more reactive and will be prone to losing electrons easily. Thus, with very small changes, the atoms in the elements tend to lose electrons quickly. Furthermore, reactivity is also known as activity series, and the main reason why this phenomenon is actively found in metals is that the outer orbitals in these elements are incomplete. The first thing you have to remember is that the reactivity is only observed in metals and not in any other elements that are present in the periodic table. The reactivity series is a periodic trend that explains how the reactivity of various elements decreases or increases from horizontal to vertical in the modern periodic table. ![]() This helps you understand the reactivity series in more detail. Do you know the reactivity of copper or aluminium? Do you know which element reacts with which substance?Īnswers to these questions can be found easily with the help of the reactivity series, which will explain how the element’s reactivity varies to its group, atomic number, and mass. ![]() newscast on Sunday through Friday nights, local newsmagazine 11 TV Hill (on Sundays at 10:30 p.m.), and encores of the week's newscasts (on Saturdays and Sundays at 10:00 and 10:30 a.m.Engage, inform and entertain audiences throughout the Gate Cityįrom the hotels and government offices downtown to the UNCG campus and the hospitals in Latham Park, Greensboro businesses know their customers want high-quality HDTV video services – and they want it now. ![]() WBAL-DT2 preempts network programming for a WBAL-produced, half-hour 10:00 p.m. ![]() Airs a 6:30PM repeat of WDSU's 6PM News on weeknights.īroadcasts on Comcast 212 formerly carried Atlantic Coast Conference games syndicated by the ACC NetworkĪlso carries football and basketball games involving the Liberty University Flames carried on Charter Spectrum channel 12. Simulcast of low powered analog sister station KWCE-LPĪirs Matter of Fact early Monday Mornings. Has two newscasts produced by WLKY-TV on weekday mornings 7–8 am and nightly at 10 pm. On Sunday Mornings from 6:00 to 7:00 am, MeTV Kansas carries two Litton's Weekend Adventure programs not aired on 10.1, which are Outback Adventures with Tim Faulkner and Oh Baby! with Anji Corley.Ĭarries Tennessee Titans NFL preseason football from the Titans Preseason Football television network. Carries select away games featuring Sporting Kansas City which are produced by KMCI-TV of Kansas City. Secondary affiliation with a primary affiliation with MyNetworkTV. Īirs a nightly 9PM newscast produced by KCCI with Matter of Fact airing after the Sunday newscast subject to air any one of KCCI's newscasts if CBS Sports programming runs long alternate home of Minnesota Vikings NFL preseason football. Until 2019, WPBY-LD2 also carried Chicago Cubs baseball games from WGN-TV. MyNetworkTV programming preempts the MeTV schedule from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. Originally affiliated with WFIE-DT 14.3 on November 1, 2013, replacing Movies!, after WTSN-CD disaffiliated from MeTV network moved to WFIE-DT2 (replacing 24-hour news and sports service "14Xtra") on October 28, 2014, at the same time that WFIE-DT3 became an affiliate of Grit formerly carried Atlantic Coast Conference games syndicated by the ACC Network ![]() Operates as a satellite station of WRSP-TV Secondary flagship station of the network operates as full-power simulcast of WWME-CD Schedule adjusted to Eastern Time Zone Feed some MeTV programs are preempted by KITV-DT2 due to the subchannels carriage of KITV's in-house local programs and newscasts KITV also airs select Me-TV shows on its primary channel to fill airtime after live sports and event feeds from ABC conclude. (Station call letters G-T-A refer to the region, Greenville to Atlanta, with Toccoa located in the former's television market.)įormerly carried Atlantic Coast Conference games syndicated by the ACC Network Station is available on most Atlanta cable systems WGTA is also simulcasted on WUEO/49.1, licensed to Macon, though its transmitter is in the Greater Atlanta area. Primarily an affiliate of My Network TV with high school basketball games being aired on Saturday afternoons during the season. Primary affiliation with a secondary MyNetworkTV affiliation Me-TV programming airs in select time periods on weekdays, and 24 hours a day on weekends.Īirs a weeknight 10 PM newscast produced by WJBF.įormerly on DT4, main channel was independent until 2020. Primarily serves as the MyNetworkTV affiliate for Colorado Springs.Īirs Matter Of Fact Saturday Mornings at 7:30AM. Serves as secondary affiliate (to KAZA-TV) for the Los Angeles market, as of Janu(see below)Īlso simulcast on analog low-power station KZSD-LP KJNE-LD operates as a satellite station of KJNB-LD. MyNetworkTV programming preempts the MeTV schedule from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. KHOG operates as a satellite station of KHBS. Operates as a low-power translator of KMOH-TV Primarily a My Network TV affiliate which interrupts Me TV programming from 2 to 4 AM while also airing syndicated programs at selected time slots.
![]() These catapult crafts will inspire your kids imagination… Easy Catapult Crafts 1. Let’s have some fun with these kid-friendly DIY catapult projects for all ages. Related: Follow the scientific method steps with these kids science printables 'An Onager is a type of catapult that uses the torsion of twisted string or rope as the force for firing'. Your kids will FLIP at these catapults all while learning science! Awaken the engineer spirit inside your child by building these crafty, colorful catapults! It is an easy way to get kids engaged in STEM and STEAM projects that are great for the classroom or at home. Ballista Catapult – this is a crossbow catapult and not usually the most safe for a child’s craft!Ĭatapults are a classic way to shoot projectiles.If you have ever seen a pumpkin launcher, that is a type of trebuchet catapult. Trebuchet Catapult – this is the type of catapult that flings a heavy object with a long arm and a counter-balance.Mangonel Catapult – this is what is commonly thought of as a catapult and most of the crafts below are Mangonel catapult versions.Diodorus Siculus, a Greek historian, was the first to document the use of a mechanical arrow firing catapult (early Ballista) in 399 BC.” – Google Sites, History of Catapults Types of Catapults “The first catapults were early attempts to increase the range and power of a crossbow. Accurate Catapult With Popsicle Sticks Physics Burns 3.98K subscribers Subscribe Subscribed 1.4K 92K views 1 year ago In this video, I go over how to make an accurate catapult with. A catapult is a type of device that uses a mechanical advantage to fling projectiles. These DIY catapults encourages the scientific ideas in your kids and the ability to build things on their own!Ĭatapults can be used to launch rocks or other projectiles a long distance. Is there an effect of where the pom-pom is in the cup when it is launched?īesides increasing the number of popsicle sticks is there another way to increase or decrease the catapult’s tension such as looser/tighter rubber bands and using more pressure when launching.These catapult crafts will definitely tap your kid’s imagination and scientific brain! DIY Catapults for KidsĬatapults became more popular when the online game “The Angry Birds” surfaced a few years back. How does the placement of the popsicle stick bundle change the performance? How does the tightness of the rubber bands affect the catapult’s performance? ![]() ![]() Observe how the distance changes as the tension increases.ĭistance: Can you get the pom-pom to go further?Īccuracy: Can you get it to a specific location such as in a cup or container located somewhere in the launch site Increase the tension of the catapult by increasing the number of popsicles in the bundle. Place the bundle between the catapult’s two popsicle sticks, near the rubber band at the bottom. Have students start with the 3 popsicle bundle. Tension, which is like the catapult we made. There are 3 different types of motion that make catapults work. Have students line up with their catapults at the beginning of the launching site. There are several historical catapult designs: the mangonel, onager, ballista, and trebuchet. Soldiers would use the catapults in both siege and defense maneuvers to capture or protect cities or castles. It has been in use mainly as a military weapon since ancient times. If desired, measure out a distance of 10 feet, placing a line of painter’s tape at each foot. A catapult is a simple mechanism used to forcefully propel stones, spears, or other projectiles. Repeat this step so each student has bundles 3-10. The short pieces should be half the length of the arm. If your long sections are 1 foot long, the arm will be 10 inches. The arm should be about five-sixths the length of the long sections. You need two long sections, a slightly shorter length for the arm and five short pieces. Repeat those two steps for various sizes: Make bundles of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 popsicle sticks. Cut the pieces of your mangonel from wood using a saw. Pre-make as many catapults as needed for each studentīundle these together with a rubber band at each end. Tape or glue the cup near the top of one of the two sticks, but leave a little room at the end Lay two popsicle sticks on top of one another and wrap a rubber band around one end |
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